特朗普旅行禁令翻盘！美国最高法院判定6个穆斯林国家旅行禁令有条件重启

【特朗普曾经发布的关于6个穆斯林国家的旅行禁令，在多次被美国不同州法庭阻止以后，昨天美国最高法院判定有条件重启】

【特朗普旅行禁令细节问答】

Q: 最高法院确认特朗普的旅行禁令违法宪法吗？

Has the supreme court made a determination as to whether Trump’s travel ban is constitutional?

A: 不是的。马里兰州和夏威夷州阻止特朗普旅行禁令的关键条款还有效，美国最高法院同意今年10月份再次听证，在此期间，旅行禁令可以有条件重启。

No. The key aspects of the ban had been stayed – temporarily blocked – in their entirety by federal courts in Maryland and Hawaii, rulings subsequently upheld by federal appeals courts. On Monday, the supreme court agreed to hear arguments on the constitutionality of the ban this fall, and allowed certain aspects of it to take effect in the meantime.

Q: 哪些国家在旅行禁令上?

Which countries does this partially reinstated ban affect?

A: 叙利亚，伊朗，也门，利比亚和索马里。伊拉克被去除。

The ban affects travelers from Syria, Iran, Yemen, Libya, Sudan and Somalia. A prior version of the ban also included travel by Iraqi nationals, but the administration dropped the country from its list in a revised version of the ban signed in early March. The removal was reportedly requested by the defense secretary, James Mattis, on the grounds that it might hamper coordination in the two countries’ attempts to defeat Isis.

Q: 如果禁令被部分重启，哪些人会受到影响？哪些人不会?

So if it’s partially reinstated, who is affected and who isn’t?

A: 最高法院认定只有那些“与美国的某一个个人或者团体没有真实的关系的外国人”将受到禁令影响不能进入美国，这个“ 真实关系bona fide relationship”在今后的几个月中会不断引起争议。

The supreme court says the reinstated ban should only apply to “foreign nationals who lack any bona fide relationship with a person or entity in the United States”, a phrase that will undoubtedly be subject to a great deal of parsing over the coming months.

那些在美国有亲戚，或者合法工作，或者学习的人士，不受旅行禁令的影响。

This means that individuals from the affected countries who have family in the US, or legitimate work or educational reasons for travel, should not be included in the revamped ban, a huge contingent of those who would have otherwise been affected.

那些已经拥有美国合法签证的人，也不会受到禁令影响。

The new ban also will not apply to those who already have a valid visa to enter the US, unlike the original ban, which left otherwise credentialed passengers stranded at airports worldwide, sparking outrage and protests.

来自这6个穆斯林国家的旅游人士，而且在美国没有亲友的人是这次禁令最容易影响到的人，还有来自战乱国家，特别是叙利亚的难民，也会受到影响。

Prospective tourists from the six outlined countries with no family connections to the US are the most likely to be affected by the ban, as well as refugees fleeing violence in the region, especially from the civil war in Syria.

The court specifically notes that “a nonprofit group devoted to immigration issues may not contact foreign nationals from the designated countries, add them to client lists, and then secure their entry by claiming injury from their exclusion”.

Q: 有多少受到原有旅行禁令影响的人，这次部分还会受到影响?

How many people affected by the original travel bans will be affected by this partial reinstatement?

A: 这个数据不好估计。2015年美国国务院数据表明，大约6万人来自这6个国家的人获得美国非移民签证，其中的一半来自伊朗，这些签证中还包括那些与美国有联系而豁免的人士。

That number is difficult to pinpoint as yet. According to state department data, in fiscal year 2015, about 60,000 people from the affected countries received non-immigrant visas – about half of which went to Iran. That number, though, includes many people with certain visas exempt from the original bans and people who would have a “bona fide relationship with a person or entity in the United States”.

Q: 谁来判定“真实的关系”?

Who decides what constitutes a bona fide relationship?

A: 特朗普下属部门决定，旅行禁令今年夏天开始实施过程中，细节逐步出台。

The Trump state department would make this determination, so the exact criteria it uses merits watching as the ban rolls out this summer.

Q: 这个旅行禁令还有再次被阻止的可能吗？

Can anything stop the ban from going into effect now?

A: 理论上而言，除非特朗普政府撤销这个禁令，直到最高法院今年10月份再次听证，没有任何组织可以再次阻止这个禁令。

In theory, the Trump administration could withdraw its ban, although that seems unlikely. But there is no entity that can challenge the Trump administration’s plans until the court hears arguments in October.

Q: 这次旅行禁令何时生效?

When does the ban go into effect?

A: 虽然没有官方时间，但是特朗普政府本月初发布的文件表明: 禁令可以在72小时内生效，也就是本周四早上生效。

While there is no official answer to this question, a Trump administration memo issued earlier this month suggested a 72-hour rollout window for a revised version of the ban. That would mean Thursday morning.

Q: 这次美国最高法院是如何投票的?

How did the supreme court justices vote?

A: 9位大法官没有人反对，全部同意。3位保守派大法官甚至要求旅行禁令无条件生效，最终还是接受了有条件生效的妥协条件。

None of the justices dissented with the unsigned decision. The three most conservative justices – Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito and Neil Gorsuch – intended to rule that the ban should be allowed to go into effect in full, but accepted the partial reinstatement as a compromise.

特朗普算是赢得了他上任以来的第一次胜利，虽然可能只是暂时的......